Walnut tree propagation steps and principles that you must follow
Walnut tree is one of the fruit trees that is in the form of turnip or cup and has a very good growth in suitable conditions and lives about 200 to 300 years.. If you want to plant and propagate a walnut tree, you must act in accordance with its special principles and conditions, which we have described in this article..
Walnut is actually a deciduous plant that is native to different parts of the northern hemisphere, and of course its common type begins in the vast Carpathian Mountains in Central Europe and ends in Korea in East Asia.. Walnut tree requires its own conditions of growth and reproduction, which in this article we will introduce it and other points in this field..
How to propagate a walnut tree
There are different types of walnuts, the most important and best of which is black walnut and English walnut, the principles of planting and care of which are almost the same.. However, due to the existence of hundreds of species adapted to different climatic conditions and their resistance to various diseases, planting and propagation of walnut trees is allowed in most areas..
Walnut trees actually produce delicious nuts, and on the other hand, their wood is very high quality and durable.. You should also keep in mind that the walnut tree is such that it does not produce crop until about 10 years after planting and its maximum production is up to about 30 years after planting.. You can do this by planting walnut seeds, but it is often tedious, so it is better to use its seedlings for better and more successful results..
Climate :
In Iran, there are walnuts in different cultivars such as paper, crow tip and Ziaabadi Qazvini. Different models of common walnuts are different in terms of sensitivity to cold and their resistance is different.. Walnuts are actually in such a way that they need a long growing season to grow and bear fruit, so they start their activity earlier in spring and go to bed later in autumn.. Eventually, most of the spring and autumn frosts will damage it.
In fertile walnuts, the ambient temperature should be around 27 to 32 ° C for a few weeks before harvest to ripen the crop.. Higher temperatures cause the fruit to burn and the walnut kernel to turn black, and lower temperatures cause the kernel to wrinkle.. Also, wind in the first days of the season will cause the fruit to become puffy. Walnut propagation is usually done by sowing seeds and grafting trees, but in Iran most trees are non-grafted..
In uniform gardens, the average distances of 15 to 20 meters are usually chosen, but recently shorter distances have been considered and trees are planted at a distance of 9 to 10 meters.. The yield of a uniform garden in ideal conditions reaches nearly four tons per hectare. Among the pests that attack walnuts are spotted aphids, green walnut aphids, bread beetles and toothed lice.. Walnut trees should also be protected from damage to livestock, as these damages reduce the value and quality of mature wood..
Reproduction methods :
One of the types of walnut tree propagation methods is tissue culture, which has many advantages, including its ability to quickly produce large quantities of very small amounts of raw plant materials.. Among the problems of this method is the need for specialized laboratories and the necessary equipment to store materials, in fact, the most important is to sterilize the sources of reproduction and work space..
In addition to the mentioned method, there are other methods such as micropropagation methods and asexual embryogenesis that farmers use for rapid reproduction..